Umehluko phakathi kwe-Die Castings kanye ne-Die Forgings:
1. Ukubaluleka Kokuhlukanisa Phakathi Kwe-Die Castings kanye Ne-Die Forgings (I-Liquid Forgings):
⑴ Ezinye izinhlangano ezimaphakathi e-China, okuhlanganisa ingxenye nengxenye ephelele yabakhiqizi, zenza ama-oda ezingxenye bese zithola abakhiqizi basekhaya ukuze bawakhiqize. Ngenxa yokuthi izinqubo zokukhiqiza zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezikhala zihlukile, amanani azo amanje ezimakethe nawo ahlukile; intengo yakamuva ngokuvamile iphakeme kuneyangaphambili. Uma lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezikhala zingakwazi ukuhlukaniswa, ukucaphuna inani eliphansi le-die castings lapho wamukela ibhizinisi kuzoholela emaphutheni ebhizinisi, okuthinta inzuzo noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa.
⑵ Abakhiqizi abangochwepheshe bokulingisa nabafogi. Bangase bamukele ibhizinisi becabangela ukuthi lokhu kokugcina kuwumdlalo wokufa futhi ungakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo zendabuko zokuphonsa ukufa. Ngemuva kokuvulwa kwesikhunta se-die casting, izikhala ezikhiqizwa inqubo yokuphonsa i-die cast ngokuvamile ziba nezimbotshana ezinciphayo, ukuqina, noma amaphutha angaphezulu, okuholela ezikhaleni ezingafanelekile futhi ekugcineni kube nokulahlekelwa okungadingekile.
2. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Die Casting & Forging, i-Liquid Forging, kanye nezinqubo eziqhubekayo zokulingisa nokuqamba:
Ingqikithi yokuqhubeka kokusakazwa nokufoja wukuqedela ngokuqhubekayo ukubunjwa nokubunjwa ngaphakathi kwesethi efanayo yesikhunta emshinini owodwa. Ukulingisa nokufoja okuqhubekayo akuyona inqubo entsha; izimiso zawo zinomlando omude. Inqubo ejwayelekile kakhulu nelula eqhubekayo yokusakaza & yokufoja yinqubo evamile yokubumba uketshezi. I-Die casting & forging, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, inqubo esebenzisa okokusebenza okukhethekile okuzenzakalela kakhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe uketshezi oluwuketshezi olunezinhlaka eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokusakazwa kokufa okujwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-die castings kanye nama-die castings ajwayelekile awahlukaniseki kalula ngokubukeka. Inqubo enekhwalithi efanayo nezikhala ezikhiqizwe ukusakaza nokufoja okuqhubekayo inqubo "ye-cast-bese-yenza" inqubo. Inqubo ye-cast-bese-ye-forge ivame kakhulu: ukukhiqizwa okungenalutho kudinga amasethi amabili esikhunta, esisodwa esokwenza isikhunta sensimbi esivamile, kanti esinye esokubumba okunembayo kusetshenziswa umshini wokucindezela i-friction noma i-hydraulic press.
3. Isingeniso senqubo ye-Die Casting kanye ne-Forging:
I-Die casting kanye ne-forging yinqubo eyenziwa emshinini okhethekile wokuphonsa nokuwenza. Inqubo yayo eyisisekelo ihilela ukuphonswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi igcwaliswe emgodini wesikhunta ngesivinini esiphansi noma esiphezulu. Isikhunta sinezimbobo ezinyakazayo, futhi ingcindezi isetshenziswa njengoba insimbi encibilikisiwe iphola, ibumba okungenalutho. Le nqubo iqeda imigodi enciphayo kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-porosity endaweni engenalutho futhi ifinyelela ukwakheka okusanhlamvu okuyizicucu. Izakhiwo zemishini ezingenalutho zithuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhala ezikhiqizwe yile nqubo zifinyelela ukuphakama kwebanga lesi-7 (Ra1.6), okufana nezindawo ezikhiqizwe i-extrusion ebandayo noma umshini, okubonisa ukucwebezela kwensimbi. Ngakho-ke, sikubiza ngokuthi i-die casting kanye nokwenza "inqubo yokwenza umkhawulo," inqubekelaphambili eyengeziwe ngale kokuthi "izinqubo zokungasikwa,{9}}eziphansi{9}}zokwakha imajini." Enye inzuzo ye-die casting kanye ne-forging ukuthi, ngaphezu kokukhiqiza izinto zokuphonsa zendabuko, ingase isebenzise ama-alloys aqoshiwe kanye nama-alloys okukhwabanisa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lawa mabanga ahlanganisa: ama-alloys e-aluminium eqinile,{12}}ama-alloy e-aluminium eqinile, nama-alloys e-aluminium efojiwe, afana ne-LY11, LY12, 6061, 6063, LYC, LD, njll. futhi amafreyimu adinga amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nomthelela.
4. Izindlela zokuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezikhala:
Kusukela ekubukekeni kukodwa, kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezikhala ezikhiqizwa yilezi zinqubo ezimbili. Uma sibona ingxenye eqediwe, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuhlukanisa. Ngakho-ke, singahlaziya futhi sahlulele ngombono ophambene: Okokuqala, izingxenye ezifayo{2}}ziyizingxenye ezicijile ngokuvamile "izingxenye zesakhiwo," kuyilapho ama-die{3}}okubumba okulingisi "eyizingxenye ezisebenzayo." "Izingxenye zesakhiwo" kanye "nezingxenye ezisebenzayo" amagama ahlobene. Lesi sakamuva ngokuvamile sibhekisela ezingxenyeni okufanele zimelane nomthelela, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ingcindezi, amandla (amandla), futhi ezidinga ukwelashwa okungaphezulu (okufana ne-anodizing) nokwelashwa kokushisa (ukuqinisa isixazululo). Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile ihlanganisa amabhulokhi enjini, amahabhu amasondo, amaphistoni, izinduku zokuxhuma, izicathulo zamabhuleki, namavalvu omoya noma ama-hydraulic valve (njengamavalvu endlela-ezindawo ezinhlanu{8}}ezijwayelekile). Okokuqala kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezifana namafreyimu eminyango yemoto, amaphaneli wezinsimbi, namakhava enjini. Okwesibili, kungahlulelwa ngokwakhiwa kwezinto. Ama-Die castings ngokuvamile ayenziwe ngama-alloys; amanye amamaki e-alloy avame ukukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-die casting kanye nezinqubo zokubumba. Okwesithathu, kungahlulelwa ngezidingo zokwelashwa okungaphezulu kokungenalutho. Isibonelo, ama-aluminium die castings aqukethe i-silicon, futhi izikhala ezikhiqizwe inqubo yokufa zinama-micropores endaweni yawo yangaphandle. Ngemuva kwe-anodizing, le nto izoba "namabala amnyama" ebusweni. Ngakho-ke, uma okungenalutho kudinga i-anodizing, ngeke kukhiqizwe kusetshenziswa izinqubo zokusakaza ezijwayelekile zokufa. Okwesine, ingahlulelwa ngesakhiwo se-metallographic. Ama-die castings nama-die casting forging ahlukaniseka kalula ku-metallography. Eyangaphambili ine-dendritic{19}njengesakhiwo esilingisiwe, kanti lesi sakamuva sinokufana, okusanhlamvu okuhlukanisiwe{20}njengesakhiwo esisasi.
5. Susa imibono eyiphutha:
(1) Ngeke sisakholelwa ukuthi ukungena kwe-vacuum ngemva kokufakwa kokufa kungaxazulula imigodi enciphayo kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-porosity ekufakweni kwe-die, futhi ngeke sikholwe ukuthi i-vacuum die casting ingase isetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezidinga izinqubo eziqhubekayo zokuphonswa kwensimbi. Lapho ubuchwepheshe bemboni buthuthuka, kufanele sibe nesimo sengqondo sesayensi esihambisana nezikhathi emicabangweni yethu nasekucabangeni kwethu.
(2) Kokubili ama-vacuum die castings kanye ne-die casting evamile ihlushwa imigodi enciphayo kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-porosity. I-vacuum die casting idlala indima encane kuphela ekusizeni ngokukhipha umoya uma kuqhathaniswa nokusakazwa kwefa okujwayelekile; ayisebenzi ngokuphelele ngokumelene nemigodi enciphayo kanye ne-porosity ebangelwa ukuncipha kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwesigaba (lapho ingaphakathi liyi-vacuum, elingenawo igesi). Okwesithathu, iphutha elivamile elenziwe ochwepheshe ukuthi nakuba bazi ukuthi okungenalutho akukwazi ukukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-die casting evamile, bakhetha inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-reverse punch indirect and partial extrusion." Bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi le nqubo ifinyelela umphumela ofanayo nowokwenza uketshezi, okuyiphutha ngokuphelele. Umongo we "reverse punch extrusion" kuseyinqubo yokufa! Kuphela "ukukhanga ngesibhakela esibheke phambili esimboza indawo ephelele eqanjiwe" okuyiyona nqubo yangempela yokwenza uketshezi.
6. Isiphetho:
Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwama-die casting ajwayelekile kanye{0}}ne-die forgings kusewumsebenzi onenjongo kakhulu. Nakuba izindlela zingenzima ukuzazi kahle, okuningi kwakho kuhilela amakhono okucabanga nawokuqonda.
